How quickly capability reaches openly available models.
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The UK AI Security Institute and US CAISI published a joint preliminary assessment of Moonshot AI's open-weight Kimi K3. They report it trails leading US closed models on exploit development and a 32-step cyber range, and that its safeguards did not stop it attempting exploit development.
NIST's Center for AI Standards and Innovation evaluated the open-weight DeepSeek V4 Pro model and reported that it lags leading US models by roughly eight months in aggregate capability. On a cyber capture-the-flag benchmark it scored well below GPT-5.5 and Claude Opus 4.6, and CAISI notes its non-public benchmarks show weaker agentic performance than DeepSeek's self-reported results.
NIST's CAISI evaluated DeepSeek R1, R1-0528 and V3.1 against US reference models across 19 benchmarks, as directed by the AI Action Plan. CAISI reports the largest capability gap on software engineering and cyber tasks, and found DeepSeek-based agents far more likely to follow hijacking instructions and to comply with jailbroken malicious requests.