GTIG reports malware that uses LLMs during execution in live operations, a capability beyond productivity use.
Google Threat Intelligence Group's AI Threat Tracker says adversaries moved beyond productivity uses in 2025 and began deploying malware that calls LLMs mid-execution, such as PROMPTFLUX, which asks Gemini to rewrite its own code, and PROMPTSTEAL, which queries a hosted open model for commands. GTIG attributes PROMPTSTEAL to Russia's APT28 in operations against Ukraine, and also reports actors posing as CTF players or researchers to get past safeguards and a maturing underground market for AI tools.
OpenAI describes prompt injection as social engineering aimed at AI agents and lists its layered defenses: instruction-hierarchy safety training, automated red-teaming, AI-based monitors that can be updated quickly, sandboxing of code-running tools, link approval, confirmation before sensitive steps, logged-out mode in Atlas, and a watch mode on sensitive sites that pauses the agent if the user leaves the tab. It cites thousands of hours of prompt-injection-focused red teaming and a bug bounty, and says it has not yet seen significant attacker adoption of the technique.