{
 "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
 "attribution": "Fide AI, Agentic Cyber Explorer",
 "url": "https://agentic-cyber-explorer.pages.dev/events/cetas-cset-autonomous-cyber-defence-roadmap-2023/",
 "asOf": "2026-09-26",
 "id": "cetas-cset-autonomous-cyber-defence-roadmap-2023",
 "date": "2023-06",
 "datePrecision": "month",
 "title": "CETaS and CSET report maps barriers to deploying reinforcement-learning cyber defence agents",
 "lane": "defense",
 "kind": "paper",
 "summary": "A joint report from the Alan Turing Institute's CETaS and Georgetown's CSET assesses autonomous cyber defence, focusing on reinforcement learning (RL) agents trained in cyber gyms such as CAGE. It sets out technical challenges (combinatorial action spaces, reward design, transferability, securing the defender agents) and policy challenges (human-machine teaming, testing, liability), and recommends investment in gyms, test ranges, competitions and authorisation thresholds.",
 "whyItMatters": "It records how autonomous defence was framed before LLM agents entered the field, including the open question of when defensive agents may act without human approval.",
 "actors": [
  "cetas",
  "cset"
 ],
 "topics": [
  "autonomous-defense",
  "eval-validity"
 ],
 "atlas": [
  "human-approver",
  "eval-environment"
 ],
 "artifacts": [],
 "sources": [
  {
   "url": "https://cetas.turing.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2023-06/autonomous_cyber_defence_final_report.pdf",
   "publisher": "CETaS / CSET",
   "title": "Autonomous Cyber Defence: A roadmap from lab to ops",
   "date": "2023-06",
   "type": "primary",
   "accessed": "2026-09-25"
  }
 ],
 "keyFacts": [
  {
   "fact": "Authors are Andrew Lohn, Anna Knack, Ant Burke and Krystal Jackson; the report is dated June 2023.",
   "locator": "Title page"
  },
  {
   "fact": "The report scopes autonomous cyber defence to RL-based agents and lists recommendations including scaling gyms, building test ranges, hosting competitions and determining thresholds for authorising autonomous defence agents.",
   "locator": "Section 4 'Conclusions and Recommendations'"
  }
 ],
 "significance": 2,
 "fideQuestions": [
  "FID-075",
  "FID-076"
 ],
 "methods": [
  "adaptive-red-teaming"
 ],
 "review": "assistant-drafted",
 "addedOn": "2026-09-25"
}